Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is not just a personality disorder, it is a serious mental illness. So I will start on what exactly the patient feels everyday.




"Borderline individuals are the psychological equivalent of third degree burn patients. They simply have, so to speak, no emotional skin.Even the slightest touch or movement can create an immense suffering"
- Dr. Marsha Linehan





They feel like hell. They do not know how to fit in to the community. Sometimes they are anxious. Sometimes their normal face is rage and their rage face turns them to be monsters.





They love you for one moment, and hate you for another moment.




The more they try to stop all negative feeling the more intense they get for them.



It is true, it is like living in hell everyday.



This disorder is caused by the unstable serotonin levels in the patient's brain.
Yes, they live in a crazy roller coaster ride.





They fear of abandonment, and can respond on abandonment in the extreme way. This is because they are very afraid of rejection.

Besides all of their negative thoughts, sometimes they are happy and loving life.





I will list the symptoms below just to make it clear.





1. Extreme reactions—including panic, depression, rage, or frantic actions—to abandonment, whether real or perceived





2. A pattern of intense and stormy relationships with family, friends, and loved ones, often veering from extreme closeness and love (idealization) to extreme dislike or anger (devaluation)






3.Distorted and unstable self-image or sense of self, which can result in sudden changes in feelings, opinions, values, or plans and goals for the future (such as school or career choices)







4.Impulsive and often dangerous behaviors, such as spending sprees, unsafe sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, and binge eating
Recurring suicidal behaviors or threats or self-harming behavior, such as cutting





5.Intense and highly changeable moods, with each episode lasting from a few hours to a few days
Chronic feelings of emptiness and/or boredom



6. Inappropriate, intense anger or problems controlling anger




7. Having stress-related paranoid thoughts or severe dissociative symptoms, such as feeling cut off from oneself, observing oneself from outside the body, or losing touch with reality.





Borderline personality disorder is a mental illness that causes intense mood swings, impulsive behaviors, and severe problems with self-worth. It can lead to troubled relationships in every area of a person's life.





Most of the time, signs of the disorder first appear in childhood. But problems often don't start until early adulthood. Treatment can be hard, and getting better can take years. Problems with emotions and behaviors are hard to improve. But with treatment, most people with severe symptoms do get better over time.




Nowadays, a borderline is treated by Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and some medications especially serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine, sertraline) and some mood stabilizer.












In conclusion,
they are suspicious, needy, misunderstood, manipulative, grandiose, unlovable.




They feel like they are hazard to themselves. I know it very well, because I am a borderline.

Labels: borderline, marsha linehan, mental health, symptoms

ANABOLIC STEROIDS

These drugs promote the growth of skeletal muscle and increase lean body mass.


ANALGESICS

Drugs which have a painkilling effect. (HEROIN)


DEPRESSANTS

Drugs which act on the central nervous system and slow down brain activity. (GASES, GLUES AND AEROSOLS, GHB, ALCOHOL)


HALLUCINOGENS

Drugs which act on the mind, distorting the way users see and hear things. (CANNABIS, KETAMINE, LSD, MAGIC MUSHROOMS)


STIMULANTS

Drugs which act on the central nervous system and increase brain activity. (COCAINE, CRACK, ECSTASY, POPPERS, SPEED)

Labels: drugs, groups, health

While it's true that hamsters are small and generally easy to care for that doesn't mean you should take the responsibility of their care lightly. Afterall, once you have decided to get and care for a hamster as a cherished pet and companion you have decided to put your hamsters life in your hands. Your hamster will depend on you for food, shelter, medical attention (when needed) and of course lots of personal care and attention from you. This may seem like an obvious thing to you, but no pet should be considered if you don't have the time or the will to properly take care of it. Cage cleaning, feeding and daily handling are all important tasks that can't be overlooked if you are to keep your hamster happy and healthy. Once you have decided that you can and want to take on all the responsibilities of caring for a hamster as your new pet, you should make sure you are informed about exactly what that means to you, the pet owner


Or the worst thing will happened: IT'S TRUE THAT YOUR HAMSTER COULD EAT HIS OR HER FRIENDS EVEN THEIR SPOUSE AND CHILDREN. isn't it horrible. It happens to me while i really buzzed off by a cambridge examination so that i forgot to give my hamster their food.

Until one night,


i found my hamster like this....








yes his another friend has eaten his eyes. ONLY HIS EYES? CAN YOU IMAGINE?


As a result, now i have freed the "crazy" hamster and i've bought new ones too! now i really promise to myself, to always take care of them like for seriously it is very awful to see your pet die especially if it is eaten by his friends in one species. ewwww...

Labels: animal, hamster, pet

i made this robot with my team to present Indonesia in International Robotic Olympiad 2010 Queensland, Australia. This robot is made according to the competition theme: saving our water future.


Finally, this robot, BANYU-BOT is the 4th winner of International Robotic Olympiad 2010



What is banyu-BOT ?

banyu-BOT is a mobile water filtration explorer made by RILEKS, INDONESIA. It is included the ability to filter water from its exploring area.
The robot is able to explore because it is controlled by bluetooth and has wireless camera to send what it is in front of the robot and what landscape this robot is about going through.
Another important feature of this robot includes the big strong wheel, which make this robot able to explore various landscape.
The robot also has a water tube to suck the water from the ground and also able to excrete watering, so it can be filtered. It also has water door on the robot which makes another water source is rain water.
It explores and filters at the same time. This useful robot can help human to get better water easier.





Why banyu-BOT ?

According to national geographic magazine Nov 2010, there are 900 million people lack access to safe water.
Water is very important compound and all people needs it. Unfortunately, due to global warming and high pollution clean water is decreasing.
banyu-BOT helps people to find water and able to filter it in the same device. It is also portable and simple enough to be used.
In impoverished rural area, clean water is often miles away from people who need it which leads people to drink unhealthy water to quench their drought and leading them to waterborne disease infection. It holds very useful function.


HOW DOES IT WORK?

banyu-BOT is an aesthetic mobile water filtration explorer which also has the additional function for watering plants on the environment anytime the operator wants.
First, the robot gets its water from two water inputs: water door on the top of the robot and water pump in front of the robot. Then the water will be filtered from the first stage of filtration until it gets to the storage.
In the storage, the water will be sterilised again to get excellent water quality. The storage also holds water sensor to send information for the water input to stop taking in the water when the water reaches the sensor. So it the input will off automatically.
The robot is mobile and holds a wireless camera to give information from the robot location to the PC.It is moved by motor DC so the motor will be enough to move the heavy robot.


WATER INPUT

There are two accesses for water input: water door and water pump trunk. They both bring water to the first stage of filtration.
Water door has a role to get rain water while the trunk takes surface water through vacuum pump. Both input will be stop taking water when the water in the storage reaches the water height sensor.
Water height sensor is made by connecting copper wire from one iron into another iron. Then if the electricity connected, it will stop the work of both water inputs.


FILTRATION!


This is the most important part of this robot because the main function of the robot is to filter the water source from trunk and water door.
The filtration layers are combination of water filtration traditional method with the modern one.
First water passes through the ceramics layer which is also contain radio active to filter and eliminate odors from the water. Then later the water passes through carbon active to eliminate the water odor and detorify harmful metals,
Then, the water is filtered by gravels so that it eliminates the residue of unwanted carbon active which is continued by cotton layer.
The filtration is continued by fiber polyester and carbon activated polyester to clean residue from the water. The particles also filtered by 5 micrometer layer so that the water will be off from unwanted particles.



WATER OUTPUT

The result of the filtration goes out through water tubes anytime the operator desires. The first water tube is located at the back of the robot and has PIR sensor which can detect if there is a human desires to get the water out from the storage. The second water tube is also located at the back of the robot. The water tube guides the water to flow to the front of the robot. Thus it has the function to give watering to any spot the operator desires while the operatoir can control it all with bluetooth mio and a wireless camera.


MOTORS & WHEELS

The robot movement is controlled by bluetooth from PC. As it is a mobile filtration robot the operator will need far controlling radius.
Four DC motors gearbox are being used for strong enough to move four big tyres of the robot. The tyres should be big, so that it will strong enough to move the heavy robot as it contains water.
Another motor is being used is servo motor. Servo motor is chosen because it is lighter and simpler than DC motor.


SENSORS

This robot has two sensors: PIR sensor and rain sensor. PIR sensor or Passive Infrared Sensor detects measure incoming infrared energy. It detects any body, human and animals because they emit heat. The sensitivity is influenced by the temperature of the body. In this robot, the sensor is applied to detect whether there is human who desires the output water, while there is a home-made rain sensor detects the input water.
A homemade rain sensor is to know if it is raining or not in the outside. To make this, an acryllic glass (insulator) is divided into two regions of aluminium foil (conductor). If there is water touches and connects the two separated regions of aluminium foil, the water will acts as their switch.



AESTHETIC VALUES

The aesthetic values of this robot are located in the robot mechanism which combines traditional water filtration method with the modern one, the casing which shows indonesian culture, and the home-made rain sensor to show its creative value.


IN THE FUTURE...

This robot which is presented just only the prototype, and it is believed that it might be far more creative and improved its functions to help human being secure water future. The robot might be have additional sensors and tools to enhance the benefits of the explorer robot, for example like putting GPS under the robot so the operator also have further scope and easier effort to move the robot or to enhance the function the operator can also add solenoid so the water can go out automatically anytime we want or lighting UV ray to the water storage to get rid of the unwanted microorganism.



banyu-BOT is a mobile water filtration robot that made by RILEKS team from SMAN 28 Jakarta Indonesia.
The team consists of Aldino Jazmi who sits in 11th grade as the leader and pprogrammer, Asma Rosyidah in 10th grade as the designer and treasurer and Agnes Pingkan in 10th grade as the presenter and data logger.
RILEKS agreed to make the banyu-BOT for IRO 2010 Australia.

RILEKS TEAM
Leader:
Aldino Jazmi
Programming:
Asma Rosyidah
Design :
Asma Rosyidah
Presentation:
Agnes Pingkan
Mechanics:
Aldino Jazmi
Data logging:
Agnes Pingkan
Electronic :
Aldino Jazmi




After succeeding this olympiad, in this month we are going to do our next robot PROJECT JO-ROBO: a multi-function GO GREEN mobile robot that is especially designed for planting a seed, plant nurturing, water filtering and moreover as a pollutant indicator for a national robotic competition in Bandung Indonesia

Labels: australia, banyu-bot, climate change, competition, filtration, future, global warming, international robotic competition, physics, robot, robotics, water

Nucleus accumbens is the part of our brain working with the Ventral Tegmental Area which plays role in pleasure. Pleasure feeling also controlled and triggered by one of the most brain neurotransmitters; dopamine and serotonin. Here, dopamine controls desire, and serotonin, whose effects include satiety and inhibition.


It maintains close relations with other centres involved in the mechanisms of pleasure, and in particular, with the ventral tegmental area (VTA).
Located in the midbrain, at the top of the brainstem,the neurons of the VTA that synthesize dopamine, which their axons then send to the nucleus accumbens. The VTA is also influenced by endorphins whose receptors are targeted by opiate drugs such as heroin and morphine.Many animal studies have shown that all drugs increase the production of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, while reducing that of serotonin.


When the cortex has received and processed a sensory stimulus indicating a reward, it sends a signal announcing this reward to a particular part of the midbrain–the ventral tegmental area (VTA)–whose activity then increases.The nucleus accumbens then activates the individual’s motor functions, while the prefrontal cortex focuses his or her attention.

Just beside the ventral tegmental area is another part of the brain that contains a great deal of dopamine: the substantia nigra. The dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra project their axons into the corpus striatum, a region associated with the control of movement.

Essentially all of the dopamine that modulates brain activity comes from the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra.

Labels: addiction, brain, dopamine, neurotransmitter, pleasure, serotonin, substantia nigra, vta

parkinson's disease aka shaking palsy idiopathic parkinsonism paralysis agitans is a disorde of the brain that leads to tremors and diffulty in movement.

In some cases, it is hereditary disease.Nerve cells use a brain chemical called dopamine to help control muscle movement. Parkinson's disease occurs when the nerve cells in the brain that make dopamine are slowly destroyed. Without dopamine, the nerve cells in that part of the brain cannot properly send messages. This leads to the loss of muscle function. The damage gets worse with time. Exactly why these brain cells waste away is unknown.

dopamine is a neurotransmitter that controls brain's reward and pleasure centers. It helps regulate movent and also responses too. The deficiency of this brain chemical is in the parkinson's disease; one of the genetic disorders.

dopamine plays role in addiction. It is a brain chemical involved in motivation, pleasure and also learning.

when you consume addictive drugs or do anything that can fly you to heaven can cause flood of dopamine in brain.

addiction is powerful memories. the recovery is a slow process where the influence of those memories is disminished.

both addictive drugs and highly pleasurable or intense experience (death thrill, a crime, orgasm) trigger the release of dopamine which in turn creates a reward circuit in the brain, which registers that intense experience as "important" to the brain and creates lasting memories of it as a pleasurable experience, giving the "want, want want more, more and more" feeling. dopamine changes the brain on a cellular level, commaning the brain to do it again.

Labels: addiction, addictive, brain, chemical, dopamine, drugs, neurotransmitter, parkinson's disease, pleasure, rewar

Introduction
The purpose of the demonstration is to allow the students to get a "hands-on" opportunity to do a scientific experiment. The focus of the experiment should be getting as many students involved as possible, and to have fun with the experiment.

In the experiment, Blue Dextran is mixed with a dilute Phenol Red solution in a buffer containing sodium chloride and sodium acetate at pH 5.0. At this pH, the phenol red turns yellow (right in front of the students' eyes!). Upon mixing with Blue Dextran, the solution turns green. Application of the solution to a Pharmacia PD-10 column separates the green back into blue and yellow.

Materials and Methods
The following solutions will be needed:

* Blue Dextran, 3 mg/ml, in water
* Phenol Red, 10 mg/ml, in water
* 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaOAc, pH 5.0 (Equil. Buffer)
Note: you can purchase Blue Dextran and Phenol Red from Sigma Chemicals. Call 1-800-325-3010 for more information. Sigma product numbers are as follows: Blue Dextran/D5751 (5g/$66.80); Phenol Red/143-74-8(5g/$7.75)

The following equipment will be needed:

* Pharmacia PD-10 columns (at least 2)
Note: You can purchase PD-10 columns from Pharmacia (1-800-526-3593/ product number 17-0851-01/ Box of 30/$112.00)
* Powder funnels (1 per column)
* Ring stand with clamps
* P1000 and P20 Pipetmen/tips
* Disposable 12 x 75 mm test tubes
* Liquid waste container
* 25 ml or 50 ml plastic grad. cylinder

Experimental Procedure

1. Pre-equilibrate both PD-10 columns with at least 25 ml of equilibration buffer. This allows the second column to be used while with first column is being re-equilibrated.

2. Point out to the students beforehand that their eyes may play tricks on them. Let them think that magic is at work here. Add 1-2 ul of Phenol Red to 500 ul of equilibration buffer in a disposable 12 x 75 mm test tube. The solution turns yellow.

3. Ask the students if they know what color is made by the mixing of blue and yellow. Add 500 ul of Blue Dextran to the diluted Phenol Red solution to confirm their guess.

4. Transfer the green solution to the PD-10 column. Point out that the colors are separating from each other, but that only blue is visible at first.

5. Connect the powder funnel to the column. Add about 25 ml of equilibration buffer to the funnel and watch for the color separation. The students will notice complete separation of the blue from the yellow, with a white zone in between.

6. During chromatography, the students may have questions, and this is usually the best time to answer them, as well as to explain what is going on. A simple explanation of the theory is to compare the gel beads to "Wiffle Balls" and the difficulty or ease that big and small objects may have in fitting through the holes in the Wiffle Balls.

Labels: biochemistry, biotechnology, chromosomes, demonstration, genetic chromosomes, genetic engineering, project

Chromatography is a technique for:

separating mixtures of compounds
identifying unknown compounds
establishing the purity or concentration of compounds
monitoring product formation in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries



Chromatography is the science which is studies the separation of molecules based on differences in their structure and/or composition. In general, chromatography involves moving a preparation of the materials to be separated - the "test preparation" - over a stationary support. The molecules in the test preparation will have different interactions with the stationary support leading to separation of similar molecules. Test molecules which display tighter interactions with the support will tend to move more slowly through the support than those molecules with weaker interactions. In this way, different types of molecules can be separated from each other as they move over the support material.

Chromatographic separations can be carried out using a variety of supports, including immobilized silica on glass plates (thin layer chromatography), volatile gases (gas chromatography), paper (paper chromatography), and liquids which may incorporate hydrophilic, insoluble molecules (liquid chromatography).

Labels: biotechnology, chromosomes, genetic chromosomes, pharmaceutical, techniques

Imagine a diet where you can - and should - eat carbs. No guilt. No cheating. Eating by a prescribed plan that includes carbs can make you feel good and lose weight.

Serotonin is a chemical that tells your brain you are full so you stop eating. It restores good feelings and removes feelings of stress that often cause us to overeat

Serotonin is essential for weight loss as it is the one brain chemical which shuts off our appetite before our stomachs are stuffed. Serotonin is the satiety or satisfaction chemical. When your brain makes serotonin, your appetite is shut off as completely as for example your thirst is when you drink enough water.

by increasing serotonin through diet alone, we could not only reverse antidepressant weight gain but potentate substantial weight loss. This is because the increase in serotonin through diet program stopped the cravings and feelings of not being satisfied caused by the drugs.

Labels: biopsychiatry, diet, neurotransmitter, serotonin

More than 100,000 chemical reactions go on in your brain every second! The brain is also a radio transmitter, which sends out measurable electrical wave signals. In fact the brain continues to send out these signals for as long as 37 hours after death!


Scientific research over the last several decades has led to the revolutionary discovery of opiate-like chemicals in the body that associate with opiate specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord, including Serotonin, a hormone manufactured by your brain.

Low Serotonin levels are believed to be the reason for many cases of mild to moderate depression which can lead to symptoms like anxiety, apathy, fear, feelings of worthlessness, insomnia and fatigue. We are learning that depression is related to and a number of other health issues. Depression is the nation's most prevalent mental health problem, affecting about 15 million Americans who spend about $3 billion a year on drugs to battle it. Almost all of these medicines target either serotonin or norepinephrine, brain chemicals which are neurotransmitters.


Serotonin is found in gastrointestinal tract, platelets, and central nervous system. It regulates mood, appetite, sleep in your central nervous system and controls muscle contraction in your gut. Another important role of serotonin is as vasoconstrictor,realeased by enterochromaffin cells at the surface of your body, when platelets bind to a clot.

In recent years anti-depressants are among the most widely prescribed medications, in spite of their side-affects. The presumption is that a chemically induced sense of well bring is better than none. Withdrawal from these medications can be particularly hazardous and must be managed carefully. Scientists have long hunted another way to attack depression.

It has been discovered that some foods influence the brain's behavior, and the brain's neurotransmitters, which regulate our behavior, can be affected by what we eat. Research is showing that some foods such as bananas and turkey have proteins that help to create the chemical seratonin. So, diet may contribute to depression, especially poor eating habits and constant snacking on junk foods.

We really do not know the triggers for hunger or appetite. It seems that serotonin is involved, but where and how are currently unknown. Serotonin release is triggered by a carbohydrate load (sugar, etc.) and there are many who feel that eating Carbohydrates under stress is aimed at this serotonin release.

One theory about how depression develops centers on the regeneration of brain cells -- a process that some believe is mediated by serotonin, and ongoing throughout our lives. According to Princeton neuroscientist Barry Jacobs, PhD, depression may occur when there is a suppression of new brain cells and that stress is the most important precipitator of depression. He believes that common antidepressant medications, such as Celexa, Lexapro, Prozac, and Paxil -- designed to boost serotonin levels -- help kick off the production of new brain cells, which in turn allows the depression to lift.

Although it is widely believed that a serotonin deficiency plays a role in depression, there is no way to measure its levels in the living brain. Therefore, there have not been any studies proving that brain levels of this or any neurotransmitter are in short supply when depression or any mental illness develops. And while blood levels of serotonin are measurable -- and have been shown to be lower in people who suffer from depression -- what doctors still don't know for certain is whether or not the dip in serotonin causes the depression, or the depression causes serotonin levels to drop.





Here are some natural ways to help you boost serotonin up:

1. have a set sleep/wake schedule.

2. get some sun; At night your brain is instructed by your retina to make melatonin, your "off" switch. When you wake up, make sure you see some natural sunlight. The first light you see in the morning is your "on" switch. When your brain's switch turns on, serotonin is created, your serotonin levels rise, and you are motivated to function throughout the day.

3. Exercise regularly - Even gentle activities like yoga and walking keep your heart rate elevated and are known to help your brain keep its serotonin levels up. Try to exercise for 30 minutes at least 3 days per week.


4. Protein and carbs - Studies show that if you eat a tryptophan-rich protein at lunch, then switch to a carb/grain meal in the evening, you will be less likely to overeat and your serotonin levels will likely raise. Foods like turkey, beans, and cottage cheese are rich in tryptophan. Foods like amaranth and quinoa are high-protein carbohydrates that are good for you and your serotonin levels.

5. Take the time to enjoy your life! If you are schedule-oriented, add it to your agenda because your life will probably be much more productive if your serotonin levels are high enough to keep you calm and happy.

6. Have fun - Spend time with your favorite people. Listen to songs that make you feel like you are on top of the world. Laugh! Laughter raises your serotonin levels by releasing a bunch of the chemical at once. Make it a point to laugh at least 17 times today and see how you feel by bedtime.

Labels: biopsychiatry, CNS, depression, laugh, neurology, neurotransmitter, serotonin

WANT SHINY MOISTY HAIR? WASH IT WITH BEER




beer is one of the oldes beverage in the world. It made from fermented cereals using the world of biotechnology. As you know, the most cereal is used of making beer is hops and malted barley right? Although the fermentation makes it contains alcohol in major, it also contains some nutrients like magnesium, potassium, maltose, vitamine B, phosphorus and biotine. Thus beauty care industries extremely recommend it as hair treatment for frizzy dry hair.

Biotin is great of preventing hair loss and dandruff.

Vitamin B and maltose add shine to the hair, and yet

Malt and hops gives strength and volume to the hair then cure the damage cuticles.


Here are some easy ways of home hair remedies with beer:



1. mix beerand apple cider vinegar apply it after shampooing. leave it 10-15 minutes as conditionair.



2. take one cup of beer and 1 tsp. of jojoba oil. spread them.wait for some time. rinse well.


3. mix distilled water, lemon juice, beer and one tsp. of vinegar appply it after shampooing rinse well.


4. Open one bottle of beer for 8 hours. boil it for one minute. add 2 tsp. of honey. stir well. apply it

Labels: advantage, beer, biotechnology, dry, hair, moist, protein

homeostasis is the property of a system, either open or closed, that regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, constant condition - Claude Bernard



It is the process by which the body adjusts its functions to compensate for deficiency.

Homeostasis, in conclusion, is the physiology process of every living organism which keep the its internal environment in constant condition. The relatively stable conditions of the internal environment is result from the a physiology mechanism called NEGATIVE FEEDBACK CONTROL.




THis diagram shows NEGATIVE FEEDBACK CONTROL, or in this scenario it goes like this



- The level of glucose in the bloodstream drops.

The bodies requires glucose in cells to meet the demand for ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate).

- The body detects this with a particular receptor designed for this function.


- These receptors release hormones ( the chemical message that initiate the start of the feedback mechanism)

- The hormones travel to their target and intiate a corrective response, in this case the target is the secretion of more glucose into the bloodstream.

Labels: biology, constant, homeostasis, hormones, internal, intro, negative feedback control, physiology

As a smart human being, i recommend you to start giving attention to genetic engineering. Gentic engineering, the moment of scientist manipulating one's DNA to create another better organism with the desired and better traits with the advancement become potentially able to enhance our living.

Genetic engineering, the alteration and manipulation of gentic code by artificial means has brought many controversies of ethics. Yet because it is novel and different from traditional selective breeding, it requires much more advancement so it can be lead our pursuit of science comes true.

Genetic engineering is potentially minimizing and perhaps ultimately curing infectious and incurable disease. By implanting the specific genes that have been engineered uniquely designed to eliminate and target correlating gene, it can cure cancer.



With genetic engineering, it is also easier for human to get better health. Genetic engineering in food can be used to produce new substances and other food nutrients therefore the genetic modification of foods can increase their medicinal value, greater taste, and yet can survive in harsh condition during planting. Thus making available homegrown vaccines in an efficiently cost.




But this new biotechnology invention in its infancy still leave us high and dry with the unanswered questions that mostly correlate to problems with genetic engineering:


- Will genetic engineering result in genetic discrimination between those who have been modified and those who have not?


- Will our natural resources and the economics of world be able to sustain an ever-growing population with an extended life expectancy?


- What are the long consequences?


and yet the most common is always asking about the ethic and moral like,


- Morally and ethically, do scientist have the right to maipulate nature?


With the advancement to despite these very importance concerns our pursuit of science is likely to progress and continue.



My hope for this particular time is genetic engineering will be more responsible, objective, morally grounded, and in humanity's best interest.

Labels: biology, biotechnology, ethics, genetic, genetic engineering, moral, pros and cons, social science, speech, technology

Lab On a Chip or LOC is a novel technology based on microfluidics principle. It's a microfluidics device that integrates laboratory function only on a single chip sized in mm-cm. Microfluidics are mechanical flows devices. So its controlled only by very small amount of fluid, not more than a pico size.






This device can save scientist's time from weeks into not more than 24 hours at a crime scene or in a medical purpose. The applications of this device can be in biotechnology, medicine, clinical diagnostic, chemical engineering, and pharmaeutics.






This device seems beneficial right? But some scientist still in a big douvt of using this device in their job. Here are the advantages and disadvantages of LOC.

LOCs may provide advantages, which are specific to their application. Typical advantages are:

-low fluid volumes consumption (less waste, lower reagents costs and less required sample volumes for diagnostics)

-faster analysis and response times due to short diffusion distances, fast heating, high surface to volume ratios, small heat capacities.

-better process control because of a faster response of the system (e.g. thermal control for exothermic chemical reactions)

- cost effective

-safer platform for chemical, radioactive or biological studies because of integration of functionality, smaller fluid volumes and stored energies


But yet, it is still a novel technology and therefore it's not yet throughly developed. The low accuracy is not really ccan be ensure and may lead into wrong diagnostic or even the case become more complex.

Labels: device, diagnostic, genes-chip, lab on a chip, laboratory, microfluidics, technology

HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus is like a stubborn youth. It assaults human immune step by step. It's so stubborn until our immune system destroyed after our immune system fights it for years. It's so strong and why does HIV become so deadly?


HIV is a viral invasion which eventually leading in cellular injury. HIV kills immune cells called CD4+ T-CELL, which are very critical to our human immune system. It destroyed human genes by rapidly moving out the DNA in a gene and invade the cell through viral invasion. The viral code the cell to destruct itself and eventually kill itself.

This study of genetical involvement in HIV was involving medical, bioengineer, and bioinformatics from at least three companies that work in science, for instance genechip company called the Affymetrix. Their findings show that HIV suppresses genes vital to immune cell maintenance and repair, while activating a cell-death process called apoptosis.

The resulting data show how effectively HIV invades and take over the host cell's DNA, integrating its own infectious DNA into the host's cellular machinery, poisoning genes and altering the cellular energy source, destroying the cell’s DNA repair mechanism, and setting in motion the cell-suicide process of apoptosis (death-cell process).

The power of HIV to shut down normal genes and activate others is impressive, and begins immediately. Only 30 minutes after exposure to HIV, more than 500 genes were shut down in the infected cells.

By shutting down important genes, and activating others programmed to kill the cell, HIV proves to be a swift and deadly predator.



source: human genome project 2001

Labels: apoptosis, cell, deadly, DNA, genes, genes-chip, HIV, viral invasion

1. If your throat tickles, scratch your ear.

When you were 9, playing your armpit was a cool trick. Now, as an adult, you can still appreciate a good body-based feat, but you’re more discriminating. Take that tickle in your throat; it’s not worth gagging over. Here’s a better way to scratch your itch: “When the nerves in the ear are stimulated, it creates a reflex in the throat that can cause a muscle spasm,” says Scott Schaffer, M.D., president of an ear, nose and throat specialty center in Gibbsboro, New Jersey. “This spasm relieves the tickle.”

2. Experience supersonic hearing!

If you’re stuck chatting up a mumbler at a cocktail party, lean in with your right ear. It’s better than your left at following the rapid rhythms of speech, according to researchers at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine. If, on the other hand, you’re trying to identify that song playing softly in the elevator, turn your left ear toward the sound. The left ear is better at picking up music tones.

3. Feel no pain!

German researchers have discovered that coughing during an injection can lessen the pain of the needle stick. According to Taras Usichenko, author of a study on the phenomenon, the trick causes a sudden, temporary rise in pressure in the chest and spinal canal, inhibiting the pain-conducting structures of the spinal cord.

4. Clear your stuffed nose!

Forget Sudafed. An easier, quicker, and cheaper way to relieve sinus pressure is by alternately thrusting your tongue against the roof of your mouth, then pressing between your eyebrows with one finger. This causes the vomer bone, which runs through the nasal passages to the mouth, to rock back and forth, says Lisa DeStefano, D.O., an assistant professor at the Michigan State University college of osteopathic medicine. The motion loosens congestion; after 20 seconds, you’ll feel your sinuses start to drain.

5. Fight fire without water!

Worried those wings will repeat on you tonight? “Sleep on your left side,” says Anthony A. Star-poli, M.D., a New York City gastroenterologist and assistant professor of medicine at New York Medical College. Studies have shown that patients who sleep on their left sides are less likely to suffer from acid reflux. The esophagus and stomach connect at an angle. When you sleep on your right, the stomach is higher than the esophagus, allowing food and stomach acid to slide up your throat. When you’re on your left, the stomach is lower than the esophagus, so gravity’s in your favor.

6. Cure your toothache without opening your mouth!

Just rub ice on the back of your hand, on the V-shaped webbed area between your thumb and index finger. A Canadian study found that this technique reduces toothache pain by as much as 50 percent compared with using no ice. The nerve pathways at the base of that V stimulate an area of the brain that blocks pain signals from the face and hands.

7. Make burns disappear!

When you accidentally singe your finger on the stove, clean the skin and apply light pressure with the finger pads of your unmarred hand. Ice will relieve your pain more quickly, Dr. DeStefano says, but since the natural method brings the burned skin back to a normal temperature, the skin is less likely to blister.

8. Stop the world from spinning!

One too many drinks left you dizzy? Put your hand on something stable. The part of your ear responsible for balance—the cupula—floats in a fluid of the same density as blood. “As alcohol dilutes blood in the cupula, the cupula becomes less dense and rises,” says Dr. Schaffer. This confuses your brain. The tactile input from a stable object gives the brain a second opinion, and you feel more in balance. Because the nerves in the hand are so sensitive, this works better than the conventional foot-on-the-floor wisdom.

9. Unstitch your side!

If you’re like most people, when you run, you exhale as your right foot hits the ground. This puts downward pressure on your liver (which lives on your right side), which then tugs at the diaphragm and creates a side stitch, according to The Doctors Book of Home Remedies for Men. The fix: Exhale as your left foot strikes the ground.

10. Stanch blood with a single finger!
Pinching your nose and leaning back is a great way to stop a nosebleed—if you don’t mind choking on your own O positive. A more civil approach: Put some cotton on your upper gums—just behind that small dent below your nose—and press against it, hard. “Most bleeds come from the front of the septum, the cartilage wall that divides the nose,” says Peter Desmarais, M.D., an ear, nose, and throat specialist at Entabeni Hospital, in Durban, South Africa. “Pressing here helps stop them.”

11. Make your heart stand still!

Trying to quell first-date jitters? Blow on your thumb. The vagus nerve, which governs heart rate, can be controlled through breathing, says Ben Abo, an emergency medical-services specialist at the University of Pittsburgh. It’ll get your heart rate back to normal.

12. Thaw your brain!

Too much Chipwich too fast will freeze the brains of lesser men. As for you, press your tongue flat against the roof of your mouth, covering as much as you can. “Since the nerves in the roof of your mouth get extremely cold, your body thinks your brain is freezing, too,” says Abo. “In compensating, it overheats, causing an ice-cream headache.” The more pressure you apply to the roof of your mouth, the faster your headache will subside.

13. Prevent near-sightedness!

Poor distance vision is rarely caused by genetics, says Anne Barber, O.D., an optometrist in Tacoma, Washington. “It’s usually caused by near-point stress.” In other words, staring at your computer screen for too long. So flex your way to 20/20 vision. Every few hours during the day, close your eyes, tense your body, take a deep breath, and, after a few seconds, release your breath and muscles at the same time. Tightening and releasing muscles such as the biceps and glutes can trick involuntary muscles—like the eyes—into relaxing as well.

14. Wake the dead!

If your hand falls asleep while you’re driving or sitting in an odd position, rock your head from side to side. It’ll painlessly banish your pins and needles in less than a minute, says Dr. DeStefano. A tingly hand or arm is often the result of compression in the bundle of nerves in your neck; loosening your neck muscles releases the pressure. Compressed nerves lower in the body govern the feet, so don’t let your sleeping dogs lie. Stand up and walk around.

15. Impress your friends!

Next time you’re at a party, try this trick: Have a person hold one arm straight out to the side, palm down, and instruct him to maintain this position. Then place two fingers on his wrist and push down. He’ll resist. Now have him put one foot on a surface that’s a half inch higher (a few magazines) and repeat. This time his arm will fold like a house of cards. By misaligning his hips, you’ve offset his spine, says Rachel Cosgrove, C.S.C.S., co-owner of Results Fitness, in Santa Clarita, California. Your brain senses that the spine is vulnerable, so it shuts down the body’s ability to resist.

16. Breathe underwater!

If you’re dying to retrieve that quarter from the bottom of the pool, take several short breaths first—essentially, hyperventilate. When you’re underwater, it’s not a lack of oxygen that makes you desperate for a breath; it’s the buildup of carbon dioxide, which makes your blood acidic, which signals your brain that somethin’ ain’t right. “When you hyperventilate, the influx of oxygen lowers blood acidity,” says Jonathan Armbruster, Ph.D., an associate professor of biology at Auburn University. “This tricks your brain into thinking it has more oxygen.” It’ll buy you up to 10 seconds.

17. Read minds!


Your own! “If you’re giving a speech the next day, review it before falling asleep,” says Candi Heimgartner, an instructor of biological sciences at the University of Idaho. Since most memory consolidation happens during sleep, anything you read right before bed is more likely to be encoded as long-term memory.


Source:- rockforhealth

AMAZED?!

Labels: amazing, biology, body, health, physiology, reaction, research, tricks

materials: old paper, blender, water, 4 inches heighted sink, drying screen, glue, food coloring (optional), iron (optional), wire hanger (optional), and panty hose (optional).





the result and the drying screen



procedures:


1. Create or buy a drying screen. If you choose to create it, shape a wire hanger into a square or a rectangle. Then stretch a panty hose over the wire hanger. Try to not snag it.


2. Tear up old paper into 2 inches chunks.

3. Add water and blend it. Place the paper in the blender. Add more water to keep the water 1 inches above the paper.


4. Optional: add few drops of food coloring.


5. Fill a sink with 4 inches of water. Then add two tablespoons of glue in the water.

6. Pour the blended paper into it. Make sure it's mixed well. Tip: use your hands.


7. Straining time! Place the drying screen under the mixture. Very slowly ;ifting the screen until the water out.

8. Take your screen outside and put it under the sun.

9. It should be completely dry before you very gently pull the paper off.

10. Optional: iron the new paper to remove the wrinkles.

Labels: earth, experiment, global warming, materials, paper, project, recycling, save the earth, treeshugger

This is DNA extraction of papaya's fruit DNA. The picture may not seem clear because of the light reflection and the alcohol is not enough. The deficiency of alcohol makes the DNA didn't separate enough from the solution creates the bad visibility of the white strands.




tip: use ethanol or alcohol isopropyl to create clear image

Labels: biology, chemical, DNA, experiment, papaya, photo

This is my latest project of DNA extraction. Here i provide you the abstract of the project.


PROJECT #1
ABSTRACT: DNA EXTRACTION


BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE

In this era, DNA is very common topic discussion and it is eminent as the secret of life. It is responsible to duplicate genetic information of every generation to another. DNA extraction is the basic introduction of observing DNA. This is the first skill of scientist to know DNA further by removing DNA from its cell.


QUESTIONS How does soap play role in DNA extraction?



HYPOTHESIS Soap, as a base chemical can removes lipids in cell membrane. The
more soap is used, the more DNA is visible.



OBJECTIVES The objective of this experiment is to know further every roles of experiment’s equipment, in this case is the purpose of soap.


METHODS
MATERIALS

Teaspoon (1)

Clear drinking glass (1)

Egg (1)

Cold alcohol (100 ml)

Plastic bag (1)

Coffee filter (1)

3 teaspoon of shower soap




PROCEDURES

STEPS OF EXPERIMENT #A

Beat the egg and scramble it in the clear drinking glass using tea spoon.

When it mixed well, add a teaspoon of shower soap.
Then mix the solution well.

Pour 100 ml of alcohol isopropyl into the glass.


Wait until white strands come up and float in the alcohol.

STEPS OF EXPERIMENT #B

Beat the egg and scramble it in the clear drinking glass using tea spoon.

When it mixed well, add two teaspoons of shower soap.
Then mix the solution well.

Pour 100 ml of alcohol isopropyl into the glass.


Wait until white strands come up and float in the alcohol.


RESULT
The white strands of egg’s DNA will float in the alcohol. Based on the experiments, experiment #B has shown more white strands of DNA than experiment #A. This is because soap, as a base chemical can removes lipids in cell membrane. The more soap is used, the more DNA is visible. Thus the more cells are losing its membrane; the more DNA strands are able to dissolve in alcohol isopropyl from its nucleus.




CONCLUSION
This experiment was conducted to observe the purpose of soap (base) in DNA extraction. DNA extraction is a very common experiment because it is the basic step of DNA’s voyage. Soap as a base chemical, holds an important role in rupturing DNA from the cell by removes the lipid in cell membranes.



SUMMARY STATEMENT
My project has shown the importance of base chemical in this experiment. A base chemical is able to remove the cell membrane’s lipid.



BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://apps.caes.uga.edu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgUgAeAb4Ng 06/25/2010

Labels: base, biology, cell, chemical, DNA, egg, experiment, genetic, lipid, membrane, project, purpose, role, soap

DNA, DeoxyriboNucleicAcid is part of our definition of a living organism. It was first isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1863 and was observed further by James Watson and Francis Crick who eventually figured out the the DNA'S double helix structure in 1953. This double helix matter can be likened to a twisted ladder which are made of bases. The bases are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guaninne (G), and Cytosine (C). In DNA, A always paied with T while G always paired with C or, A+T=G+C.


Those bases are sticked by hydrogen. The DNA ladder's sides are made of sugars and phosphate atoms. When the sugar phosphate are attached to the bases, it is called as an nucleotide. sugar+phosphate+bases= nucleotide. There are many conformations of DNA A-DNA, B-DNA, or Z-DNA, but they all likely twists to the right. All of our cells have DNA except red blood cells. DNA holds an important role to living organism identification. That's why DNA is called as THE BLUEPRINT OF LIFE

Watson and Crick

Labels: biology, DNA, genetic, history

The Prado Museum in Madrid hangs a pair of paintings by a seventeenth century painter Juan Carreno de Miranda, paintings of a grossly fat monstrous but innocent five year old girl named Eugenia Martinez Vallejo, called 'La Monstrua vestida' and 'La Monstrua Desnuda': The Monster Clothed and The Monster Naked. They both show an obese five year old girl whose tiny hands and feet and strange shaped eyes and mouth, kinda a suitable freak for a circus. It is plain and obvious that Eugenia showed us symptoms of a rare inherited disease called Prader Willi syndrome. Prader-Willi syndrome children are born floppy, pale skinned, refuse to suck at the breast but eat everything omnivorously, never satisfied at food, and so become grossly obese. Their sex organs are also undevelopped and yet, they are mentally retarded. Unfotunately, like autistic kids they often throw tantrums especially about food.

A family whose descendant has this syndrome usually has an opposite syndrome crop up in their same family tree, called Angelman's syndrome. Founded by Harry Angelman, a doctor from Lancashire called the patients are 'puppet children'. Opposing the Prader Willi symptoms, the children are taut, hyperactive, insomniac, small headed, long jawed and often to stick out their tongues like happy dogs. Their favorite hobbies are to play and laugh but never learn to speak and so severelly retarded.

It soon found that the same chunk of chromosome 15 is missing in the both patients. But the difference is that in Prader Willi syndrom, the missing chunk was from the father's chromosome, while in Angelman's syndrome the missing chunk was from the father's.


Prader Willi syndrome is transmitted through men and vice versa. In summary, we can conclude from both syndromes that, gene remembers which parent it came from because they have paternal or maternal imprint. Thus, the body expresses only the gene that switches on, not both.

Labels: angelman, biology, children, doctor, genes, genetic chromosomes, genome, prader-willi, syndrome

Here are i provide you the list and physiology each of cranial nerves.

I. Olfactory nerve - smell

II. Optic nerve - vision

III. Oculomotor nerve - eyelid and eyeball movement

IV. Throchlear nerve - "downward and laterally"eye movement

V. Tigmoneal nerve - chewing, mouth movement, and pain

VI. Abduscens nerve - turns eye laterally

VII. Facial nerve - facial expression

VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve - body balance, equilibrium, ear sensory information

IX. Glassopharyngeal - Taste and carotid blood pressure

X. Vagus nerve - Aortic blood pressure and digestive organs

XI. Accessory nerve - swallowing movement

XII. Hypoglossal nerve - tongue movements

Labels: biology, cranial, list, nerves, neurology

MEDULLA OBLONGATA is the lower part of brainstem. It has autonomic function. The brain stem itself relays information between the peripheral nerve and spinal cord to the upper parts of the brain.

It is rostral/anterior (towards the head) to the spinal cord and caudal/prosterior (towards bottom) to the pons (higher part of brainstem).

Cranial nerve nucleus is a collection of neurons (gray matters) in the brain stem that is associated with one or more cranial nerves. There are 12 of them. Cranial nerve nucleus location means where the cranial nerve native comes from.

In medulla oblongata, there are 7 of them arised from.

The nuclei are grouped into :

1. Vestibulocochlear Nucleus (VIII)

2. Hypoglossal nucleus (XII)

3.Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve (X)

4.Nucleus ambiguous (IX, X, XI)

5. Solitary nucleus (VII, IX, X)

6. Spinal trigeminal nucleus (V)

Later, the further explanation about each of them will be provided each in one post.

Labels: biology, cranial, medulla oblongata, nerves, neurology, nuclei

A calico cat is not a breed of cat, it is a color pattern. To be called "calico", three colors must be present: black, white and orange. Variations of these colors include gray, cream and ginger. A "true" calico cat has large blocks of these three colors.

In vast majority, calico cats are always female. Why? The answer is in its genetic. The calico color of the cats are sex-linked trait. Sex linked trait is a physical cahracteristic that is related to gender. As you know female gets her xx and male gets his xy.

The answer is: the genetic coding for displaying black or orange color is found on the X chromosome. The coding for white is a completely separate gene. Since females have two X chromosomes, they are able to "display" two colors (orange and black) and white, creating 3 colors. They can be male too (in rare case). In this situation, the cat has two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome (XXY). This condition is similar too klinefelter's syndrome as i already explained in previous post.

Labels: calico, cats, chromosomes, colors, genetic, klinefelter's, sex

Title:GENOME THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A SPECIES IN 23 CHAPTERS
Author: Matt Ridley
Publisher:Harper Perennial
Year:2000

Synopsis:
by picking one newly discovered gene from each of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes, and telling its story, Matt Ridley recounts the history of our species and its ancestors from the dawn of life to the brink of future medicine. The most significant scientific discovery about human recipe. Matt ridley offers an exciting voyage about human genome providing detail information of each chromosome in genome. This book helps you to understand philosophical and more issues as a result of the genome mapping discovery.

There is a gene called CYP 17 in chromosome 10. This gene creates enzyme which able to break down cholesterol to its simple forms. We know that cholesterol is synonimous with poison. It causes death and some suffocating disease, that left you high and dry. Cholesterol itself is made from some hormones like testosterone, progesterone, cortisol, corticosterone, oestradiol. Without this enzyme, the pathway is blocked and the only hormones taht can be produced are progesterone and cortocisterone. People who lack a working of this gene cannot make other sex hormones, simply goes like if you genetically male, you look like girls.

Cortisol is one of hormones that made by this gene. It's used in integrating body and mind. It interferes with the immune system, changes the sensitivity of ears, eyes, and nose. It also alters body function. By definition, when you have a lot of cortisol in your veins, you are under stress. Cortisol and stress are also synonymous.

Although stress is caused by the outside world, such as heading on to exams or exhaustion. Stress is divided into two stressors: short term and long term. Short term stressors cause an increase in norepinephrine and epinephrine, both makes the heart beat faster and the feet go cold. Long term stressors that last for longer activate a different pathway that results in a much slower. High of cortisol also makes your immune system goes lack. That's why people who in high stress are more likely to catch colds and other infection. Cortisol is reducing the number and lifetime of lymphocytes.

In white blood cells cortisol is certainly involved in switching a gene called TCF, also on chromosome 10, which able to make its own protein, whose job to suppress another protein called interleukin 2 that puts white blood cells on alert. So cortisol, suppresses the immune system but makes you more susceptible to disease.

Labels: biology, cholesterol, chromosomes, cortisol, genes, lymphocyte, white blood cell

why do stars sparkling?

Star is an outer space object that potentially lights. Sun is a star.

Star is more than a beautiful object. It embellishes our night and also history. In tarot card, star means hope. Its myriad meanings indirectly have embellished our living. Another example goes, when a pick-up liner goes a metaphor between a beautiful girl's eye and a star.

Star as an outer space object, doesnt really spark. It looked sparkling if its light seen from far distance and when its light should through far distance air to our eyes.

For example, astronauts in moon, which hasnt atmosphere layer, can see a night sky filled non sparkling stars.

In our earth, a planet that filled with thick atmosphere, we can see stars spark or in more scientifical saying, "refracted".


Around us, air mass always flowing. Hot air moves toward up and vice versa. Air refracts light based on its density. So when starlight through thin air and goes through a thicker one, the light will refracted. The star will be look bigger and low resolutioned. Intensity changing is called scintillation.

Labels: astronomy, light, physics, refraction, scintillation, sky, stars

The X and Y chromosomes are known as the sex chromosomes, for the obvious reason that they determine the destination of human's gender. Simply, xx is for female and xy is for male. Everybody gets an X from his or her mother, but if you inherited y chromosome from your father you're male; if you inherited x from your father you're a female. Since men(XY) have no spare x chromosome, they are more likely to suffer recessive problems than women. Thus, haemophillia, colorblinndness and ilk are much more common in men's X.

This simple predestination can also go wrong and causing aneuplody. Aneuplody (abnormal number) of chromosomes. XXY syndrome and named by the Massachuset founder Klinefelter, a genetic disorder that is giving the patient 47 chromosomes in total (46 for normal).

Klinefelter's is a genetic disorder where the man has an extra x chromosome. Usually the patient has small testicle, low testosterone, tall and unpropotional body, and also teeth abnormalities. The disorder is the result of error that occured during the sperm forming during the meiosis

Labels: aneuplody, biology, chromosomes, genes

Why is the sky blue? What makes the sunset red?

The sun produces color spectrum that blends into white lights. The colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet : a rainbow. These are the correspondent of different frequencies and wavelength of light energy. The seven colours of the spectrum all have different wavelengths and they are arranged accordingly. Violet, indigo and blue light have a higher frequency - which means shorter wavelength - than red, orange, and yellow light.

When the white light from the sun shines through the Earth's atmosphere, it collides with gas molecules. Those molecules scatter the light. Blue light has a high frequency, and it is scattered ten times more than red light.

But, the red light that you see from sunset is not scattered continues on in its original direction. When the sun is on the horizon (the sunset position), its light takes a longer path through the atmosphere to your eyes than when the sun is directly overhead. By the time the light of the setting sun reaches your eyes, most of the blue light has been scattered out. The light you finally see is reddish orange, the colour of white light minus blue.

The dust and pollution molecules are also having role in this. Those molecules also scatter the light and make sunset more brilliant.

Labels: colors, energy, light, physics, sky, sunset, wave

1. Any similarity between you and a human is purely coincidental!

2. Are you always so stupid or is today a special occasion?

3. As an outsider, what do you think of the human race?

4. I'd like to kick you in the teeth, but why should I improve your looks?

5. At least there's one thing good about your body. It isn't as ugly as your face!

6. Brains aren't everything. In fact, in your case they're nothing

7. Careful now, don't let your brains go to your head!

8. I like you. People say I've no taste, but I like you.

9. Did your parents ever ask you to run away from home?

10. If I had a face like yours. I'd sue my parents!

11. Don't feel bad. A lot of people have no talent!

12. Don't get insulted, but is your job devoted to spreading ignorance?

13. Keep talking, someday you'll say something intelligent!

14. Don't you love nature, despite what it did to you?

15. Don't think, it may sprain your brain!

16. Fellows like you don't grow from trees; they swing from them.

17. He has a mechanical mind. Too bad he forgot to wind it up this morning.

18. He has a mind like steel trap-always closed!

19. You are a man of the world-and you know what sad shape the world is in.

20. He is always lost in thought-it's unfamiliar territory.

21. He is dark and handsome. When it's dark, he's handsome.

22. He is known as a miracle comic. if he's funny, it's a miracle!

23. He is listed in Who's Who as what’s that?

24. He is living proof that man can live without a brain!

25. He is so short; when it rains he is always the last one to know.

26. He is the kind of a man that you would use as a blueprint to build an idiot.

27. How come you're here? I thought the zoo is closed at night!

28. How did you get here? Did someone leave your cage open?

29. How much refund do you expect on your head now that it's empty?

30. How would you like to feel the way you look?

31. Hi! I'm a human being! What are you?

32. I can't talk to you right now; tell me, where will you be in the next 10 years?

33. I don't want you to turn the other cheek; it's just as ugly.

34. I don't know who you are, but whatever you are, I'm sure everyone will agree with me.

35. I don't know what makes you so stupid, but it really works.

36. I could make a monkey out of you, but why should I take all the credit?

37. I can't seem to remember your name, and please don't help me!

38. I don't even like the people you're trying to imitate, if you are at all.

39. I know you were born silly, but why did you have a relapse?

40. I know you're a self-made man. It's nice of you to take the blame!

41. I know you're not as stupid as you look. Nobody could be!

42. I've seen people like you, but I had to pay admission!

43. Why are you so stupid today? Anyway, I think that's very typical of you.

44. Do you practice being this ugly?

Labels: best, insult, lines

1. Avoid eating out on holidays and Saturday nights. No one will guarantee a highquality food

2. A waiter with a kid to support isn't going to stay home and miss out on his wage because he's gotstrep throat. And these are the people handling your food :p

3. Dont ever make a waiter angry, they can and do spit on your food

4. Don't snap your fingers to get our attention. No one will notice you and its annoying

5. Don't order meals that aren't on the menu. You're forcing the chef to cook something he doesn't make on a regular basis and dont ever think your dish will be as good as you think if they already get used to by their basic menu

6.Splitting entrées is okay, but don't ask for water, lemon, and sugar so you can make your own lemonade. What's next, grapes so you can press your own wine?

Labels: food, restaurant, tips, waiters

Cloning means copying

Human cloning brings up myriad of controversies to the world, nowadays. More than just because it's dangerous, but some said it means playing god. Religious says cloning is taking reproduction out from the hands of God.An argument said that cloning may cause the next generation will be man-manufactured, and may causing the price of human will decreasingly drop because by cloning human will get used to treat others like to treat an object. Human cloning aka asexual reproduction can also causing the lack of diversity in human body.

In scientist views, human cloning can lead us to be more understand about our species and can help us to find treatment for some incurable disease, e.g cancer or some genetic disorders.

The human cloning technique that has succeed to Dolly the cloned sheep, the first mammal that cloned is called somatic cell nuclear technique which an egg cell taken from a donor has its nucleur removes and fused to one that has genetic material.

Labels: biology, cloning, genes, genome, techniques

Book Details

Author: Tri Harnoto
Publisher: Galang Press
Year published: 2009
Page number:324
Category: medical
Language text: bahasa Indonesia
Tagline:"Seandainya para dokter mempunyai hati nurani seperti dalam buku ini, niscaya kasus Prita Mulyasari tak akan terulang lagi..."

The Doctor-Catatan Hati Seorang Dokter is a non-fiction medical health book written based on its author experiences, whom is a great doctor that is actually really needed in Indonesia. The author himself is an Indonesian who had abroad to some countries to take higher education. With a bunch of humor senses but keep in a line of medical talking yet, the book is written.

In Indonesia, doctor is a very honored profession. In people's opinion, being doctor is the gate of being rich and yet, it is common to find bias that says, if you a doctor you must be a genius.These opinions sometimes can be said right. Doctor is always needed. People keep sick, there is no time when the whole world are healthy. That's why, doctors keep having their job. But can we accept if the saying, doctors are rich because the medical facilities are getting more expensive?

In this book we can able to perceive the sweet and bitter for being a doctor whose emotion and flawless often neglected by patients and that's why the case of 'a doctor sued by patient'type is not rare. This book will help us for being a good doctor and/or patient by understanding each needs through different eye

Labels: book, doctor, indonesia, medical

What is love? Love is more than ‘a-butterfly-flutters-in-your stomach’ or ‘flying-to-the-sky’ feeling. It is more than a psychological event when your body holds a strong affection emotion. Have you ever wonder where do those feelings come from? Those ‘stomach-fluttering’ and sudden nervous are called infatuation.
What is love? What does it do with infatuation? Why does it make you do foolish admiration?

Love is complicated. It is something more than just an L-O-V-E. It is more than a feeling. It is also more than a verb. It is all about chemical reaction events on your body.

people that fall in love is cannot control their brain. When we attracted to somebody, with an irresistible of chemicals, our brain makes us to fall in love. Psychologists have shown it takes between 90 seconds and 4 minutes to decide if a person fancies someone.
There are many researches of love and its effects to our body. To make the observation easier, a Rutgers University scientist named Helen Fisher has divided the stages of love. Every stage has different hormone chemicals that produced in our brain. The stages are lust, attraction, and attachment. The hormones are serotonin, dopamine, estrogen, testosterone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. Each of them affects different part of brain too.

LUST

Lust is the first stage of love. According to howstuffworks.com, lust is also known as the desire of love. This experiment is common to be found when human reaches puberty. It plays important role in our life. According to an article by Lisa Diamond, lust and romantic love are two different things caused by different things. Lust evolved for the purpose of sexual mating, while romantic love evolved because of the need for infant/child bonding. Love relationships usually begin with a strong physical and emotional attraction that produces consciousness.
Beside works based on estrogen and testosterone (sexual hormones that cause puberty in human development), the brain also saturated with a hormone called endorphin. According to innerworkspublishing.com, endorphin creates the feeling of pleasure that accompany love infatuation. The feeling is same with a person after they eat something pleasurable like chocolate and after they have a strong exercise.

ATTRACTION

If the relationship keeps continue, the next stage is attraction or romantic passion. In this stage, both the woman and man are reeling with romance and passion until they finally find out the true side of each person. The attraction stage can be felt when the person feels the heart is making more sense than his or her brain. “Love is blind” saying is really accurate in this stage.
According to Ruth D. Kerce, attraction stage works both in emotion and physics. The physical area is when the body reacts to another’s. It affects the heartbeat systolic rate, temperature rises, palms get sweaty, stomachache, and the throat tightens. Usually, this is called the love symptoms.
The emotion affects usually when the couple starts to give interest to each other and do some shares each other about their career, family, etc. It is usually happening when the couple doesn’t do physical activities. The feeling is also usually stronger than physical.
According to youramazingbrain.com, scientists believe that attraction stage has three neurotransmitters involved. Neurotransmitter is a chemical that transmits a message between nerve cells in the brain. They are dopamine, adrenaline, and serotonin. Dopamine stimulates the rush of pleasure so it makes human become over-excited, adrenaline is increasing human heartbeat rate so it makes them sweat and asphyxiated, and serotonin which makes human can’t stop thinking about their lover in their head. In addition, norepinephrine also produced in this stage. It is similar to adrenaline which is producing bliss and excitement.

ATTACHMENT

If the couple keeps the strong feeling in attraction stage, they would move to the further stage which is called attachment. Attachment is usually when the couple chooses more serious relationship like marriage. There are two major hormones that have important roles in this stage. Oxytocin produced right on the climax of sexual orgasm during mating. It makes couples feel much closer to one another after they have had sex. It is also responsible for a mum’s breast automatically releasing milk. The important hormone is vasopressin aka anti-diuretic hormone and also produced after orgasm. It works with kidney to control thirst.
According to people.howstuffworks.com, each hormone has its own section pathways in the brain. Serotonin flows through frontal lobe in human cerebrum, limbic (storage of memories and emotions, also in cerebrum), and majority in other parts of cerebrum while the norepinephrine flows through the cerebellum (small brain) and the serotonin flows through the hypothalamus which is the control center of all biological daily activities of the body.


In conclusion…Human body is amazing. It has division of labor to manage each reaction for complicated chemical feeling, like love. It works in each particular pathways in brain marked that human body is able to manage the biological metabolism and other reaction in specific. The each part of human body has their roles in a purpose of something. Everything manages everything inside human body.

Labels: biology, chemical, love, neurology, reaction

In every biochemical events in body, there are genes. If human body is a book, genes are just sentences of prose written over it. The entire of genetics complements is called genome. Matt Ridley, a British science editor, in his book Genome (1999) painted that if the genome is a book, there are twenty three chapters, called chromosomes. Each chapter contains stories, called genes. Each stories are made up of paragraphs called exons, which are interrupted by advertisements called introns. Each paragraph is made up of words, called codons. The letters of each word are called basses. Ridley whom wrote his book made up chapters that named after 23 chromosomes, exposed all information about each chromosome based on the number of chapter. In human body, the 23 chromosomes are made up by 22 autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes (xx in female and xy in male). In size, the 22 pairs are numbered by the largest (number 1) to the smallest (number 22). The sex chromosome X is located between number 7 and number 8, while Y is the smallest.

Genes are located in a chromosome. In each chromosome, there are 400-4000 genes. Genes are written in three bases or called as codon. The 4 bases are Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, and Thymine. The bases are written on long chains of sugar and phosphate called DNA. During the replication, A likes to pair with T and G likes to pair with C. For instance, the sequence of ACGT becomes TGCA in the copy form. Besides the gene is able to do replication, it is also able doing translation. The translation starts with the transcription of the gene into a copy by RNA with the same base-pairing process except that it uses letter U for uracil to pair with T. Then a ribosome moves along the RNA copy (messenger RNA) translating each codon into twenty different amino acids. Later, the chain of amino acids forms a protein. In conclusion, every protein is a translated gene. Protein itself also responsible to switch gene on or off for being promoter and enhancer of a particular gene.

Unfortunately, during replication mistakes are sometimes made. This is known as mutation. Although genes are small and tiny, this doesn’t mean genes are unimportant. If an error happens in a gene, this may caused flaw in body system. For example, when chromosome 3 is broken it caused a metabolic anomaly disease named alkaptonuria, or like the most famous genetic disease Huntington’s happens because of chromosome 4 mutation and when there is a complete lack in chromosome 4 it may causes rare Wolf-Hirscchorn syndrome, the chromosome 6 if it is broken can cause the problem of human intelligence. In genetic disorder, there is no 50-50 probability you get it or not. You either have mutations, in which case you get these genetic diseases, or you don’t.

But, the genetic doesn’t always work in that digital way. Sometimes, it depends on environment too. Like the case of asthma. There are 15 ‘asthma genes’ in all chromosomes (8 genes in chromosome 5, 2 each in chromosome 6 and 12, and 1 each in chromosome 11, 13, and 14). These genes are producing immunoglobulin E aka IgE. According to medterms.com, IgE acts as antibody in our body by eliciting allergen (allergic mucous). Most asthmatics are allergic to something. Asthma, eczema, allergy, and anaphylaxis are syndrome that triggered by IgE. So, that’s why allergic person has asphyxia.

Asthma itself is a chronic inflammation in bronchial tube and causing the tightening of the windpipe. How does it correlate with chromosome 5? ADRB 2 lies along in chromosome 5 and it responsible to produce beta-2-adrenergic-receptor which controls the bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction that cause the tightening in bronchus or windpipe. According to American Lung Association, feather, pollen, vigorous exercise, dust mites are the most common asthma triggers. No matter what triggers a person to have asthma, his or her asthma syndrome still triggered by IgE.

Sources:
Ridley, Matt. 1999. Genome. USA: Harper Collins.
Medterms.com
Wibowo, Daniel . 2005. Anatomi Tubuh Manusia. Jakarta: Gramedia.

Labels: asthma, biology, chemical, chromosomes, genes, genome